Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology 2345-5004 14 3 2025 07 01 The role of hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation in diabetes-related male infertility: Therapeutic properties of medicinal plants 265 276 10.34172/jhp.2025.52803 EN Murendeni Nethengwe https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1645-8860 Kunle Okaiyeto https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4353-9164 Chinyerum S. Opuwari https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-2278 Oluwafemi O. Oguntibeju https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7299-1128 Journal Article 10.34172/jhp.2025.52803 2024 10 31 2025 02 21 The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to rise at an alarming rate. DM leads to a decline in male reproductive function. Hyperglycaemia is an instigator of both oxidative stress and inflammation in the male reproductive system. The presence of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory markers in the semen of diabetic individuals results in the decline of sperm parameters. Despite ongoing advancements in the treatment of DM with conventional drugs, concern about treatment costs and side effects is high. Scientific research focus has therefore shifted to investigating naturally occurring safer, cheaper, and more effective treatments. This review outlined the link between hyperglycaemia and diabetic complications, and the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in the development of male infertility. We also reviewed the effects of phytochemicals in medicinal plants in treating DM-related male infertility. This review concluded that oxidative stress and inflammation are instigators of the decline in sperm parameters in diabetic conditions. The administration of medicinal plant extracts with hypoglycaemic, anti-diabetic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties can potentially restore diabetic-related male reproductive dysfunction.